The post-field

Recall the sentence structure template. The following sections deal with the post-field. First up, the different ways of constructing phrases that can be passed as arguments to a verb.

Determiner phrases

Since Toaq only has verbs, there are a number of determiners to turn those verbs into things which can appear in argument position. The following table lists them:

Pattern: determiner + verb(al complex) → argument

Determiner	Meaning
	the X (previously bound)
sa	some X
tu	every X
tushı	each X
tuq	all X
sıa	no X
ke	the X
hoı	the aforementioned X
baq	X in general, X-kind
hı	which X
ja	λ (lambda)

(For an explanation of ja, see the section on properties.)

	Tỉ	sa	pỏq.
	at	some	person
	"There are some people."

	Zảo	súq	tu	sảo	jỉo.
	know	you	every	large	building
	"You know every large building."

	Fảq	sıa	rảı.
	happen	no	thing
	"Nothing happened."

Once the syntax is understood, most of the determiners should be self-explanatory. However, a few deserve further inspection:

The determiner hı “which” is Toaq’s primary way of asking wh-questions:

	Jỏaı	súq	hı	rảı	moq?
	search	you	which	thing	INT
	"What are you looking for?"

	Nỉe	máq	hı	tỉaı	moq?
	inside	itII	which	box	INT
	"Which box is it in?"

	Tỉ	jí	hı	rảı	moq?
	at	I	which	thing	INT
	"Where am I?"

	Chủq	déo	rào	hı	rảı	moq?
	eat	the-child	P-when	which	thing	INT
	"When did the children eat?"

	Tỉsha	nháo	rào	hı	chảq	moq?
	arrive	they	P-when	which	day	INT
	"On which day do they arrive?"

(For more examples of hı, see also the table dealing with question words in this section.)

The determiner baq creates references to kinds:

	Hẻ	bủa	baq	lảbı	Áfari.
	GNO	inhabit	GEN	lion	Africa
	"The lion lives in Africa."

	Jỏaı	nháo	baq	dảragoq.
	search	they	GEN	dragon
	"They are looking for dragons."

Determiners without overt complement

It is possible to use determiners without an overt complement. The complement is then analogous to an implicit rảı “thing”. This rule does not apply to the tone, because it needs an overt complement as a carrier.

	Kảqgaı	jí	sıa.
	see	I	no
	"I don’t see anything."

	Mả	kủq	súq	sa	moq?
	C[+int]	say	you	some	INT
	"Did you say something?"